A New Year’s Day Rock: Travertine Icings and Scums

Happy New Year!

To celebrate the new year, here are some photos of some very new rocks. These travertines in Oman are some of the youngest rocks I’ve encountered in my geological wanderings.

These “icings” and “scums”  are travertines (mostly the mineral calcite) that are precipitating from highly alkaline (pH ~11-12) springs that form when rainwater circulates through mantle peridotite. Thin layers of newly-formed travertine (icings) often float on the surfaces of the alkaline pools. The first year I was in Oman (2009), there was a rare desert rainstorm that pushed the travertine icings to the bottom of the pools. The icings grew back with a few days, so we know that these travertines are very young indeed! Travertine scums often coat the bottoms of the pools, giving the pools a stunning bright turquoise color. 

I am studying the formation of these young travertines- and other types of carbonates- in the Samail Ophiolite in Oman. You can learn more about my thesis research here, and I’ll surely blog more about this research in the future. For now, enjoy these pictures of beautiful, newly-formed, desert travertine icings and scums.

Travertine ice 1, Oman, January 2010.
Travertine ice 2, Oman, January 2010.

Alkaline pool 1, Oman, January 2009.
Alkaline pool 2, Oman, January 2009.
Travertine-coated bottle, Oman, January 2009.

Fish swimming in alkaline water, Oman, January 2009.
Travertine cascade, Oman, January 2009.
Alkaline pool 3, Oman, January 2009.
Alkaline pool 4, Oman, January 2009.
Alkaline pool 5, Oman, January 2009.
Alkaline pool 6, Oman, January 2009.

Travertine ice with travertine terraces, Oman, January 2010.
Submerged travertine terraces, Oman, January 2010.

A Christmas Rock: Fossiliferous Coal

Merry Christmas & Happy Newtonmas, Everyone!

To celebrate, here are some beautiful pictures of coal taken from the interwebs. I’ll take coal rocks like these in my stocking any Christmas!

Fossil ferns in coal from Morocco. Image from Wikipedia Commons.
More ferns in coal. Image taken from here.
Even more ferns in coal. Image taken from here.
And even more fossil plants in coal! Image taken from here.
Yet more pretty coal for a stocking stuffer! You can buy fossils like these here.

What to Buy a Geologist for Christmas- Part II

My What to Buy a Geologist for Christmas post has been attracting some serious (well, for my little blog anyway) traffic over the past few days. Apparently, many people find my blog post by googleing phrases such as “geology christmas gifts,” “geology gifts,” and “what to buy a geologist.” I guess many people are doing their Christmas shopping for their geologist friends and family!

Over the past few days, I’ve thought up another ten items that I think a geologist would like for Christmas. Again, please feel free to post your own suggestions for geological Christmas gifts in the comments!

Gift #1: Trilobite Jewelry from Surlyramics

Image from Surlyramics Etsy shop.

Image from Surlyramics Etsy shop.

Amy Davis Roth is a talented artist. She makes all kinds of pretty ceramic jewelry- art you can wear, as she puts it! I am particularly fond of Amy’s trilobite jewelry. I think I just might have to order some trilobite jewelry for myself for Christmas… or coax  my fiance (who has yet to buy me a gift, as far as I know) into ordering some for me. You can check out Amy’s trilobite– and other jewelry, much of which is skeptical and scientific– on her website, in her Etsy Shop, and in her Artfire Shop.

Best of all, if you use the code “SKEPCHICKMAS” you receive 10% off your purchase… good for the rest of December!

Cost: About $20. Prices vary by item.

Gift #2: Roadside Geology Books

Image from Geology.com store.
The “Roadside Geology” guidebook series is wonderful.These guides give a very accessible overview of the geology of each US state and are great for planning field trips- for geology classes or just for fun- to various geologic features. The books do, indeed, focus on roadside geology. Much geology can be seen at roadcuts, especially in states that have plenty of vegetation and biological thingies covering up the interesting rocks. So, these books tell you where to find the good roadcuts!
But which book to order? Well, you can order the book for the state where your geologist lives. Or you can think of a state they plan to visit and you can order that title.
You can order the Roadside Geology books from Geology.com or from Amazon.com
Cost: About $20 each.

Gift #3: The Age of the Earth

Image from Bookapex.com

This is one of my favorite books. This book explains exactly how we know the age of the Earth, which is about 4.5 billion years old (not 6,000 as the Young Earth Creationists say). I first read this book several years ago when I was curious how we knew the age of the Earth… after all, we don’t have any Earth rocks that are that old. There are a few rocks that are about 4 billion years old, but none that date exactly to the age of the Earth! This book explains how dating of meteorites and the Pb isotope system (in particular) allow geologists to constrain the age of the Earth very well. This book is great read and explains complex isotope dating systems in a straightforward manner. I highly recommend this book for all geologists.

Cost: About $30.

Gift #4: Simon Winchester Books

Image from SimonWinchester.com
Image from SimonWinchester.com.
Image from SimonWinchester.com.

Simon Winchester is a great geology writer- and a great writer in general. My all-time favorite book of Winchester’s is actually “The Professor and the Madman” about the making of the Oxford English Dictionary. However, that’s not a geology themed book… so for geology Christmas gifts I recommend these three books: “Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27th, 1883,”  “The Map that Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology,” and “A Crack in the Edge of the World: America and the Great California Earthquake of 1906.”

Great books- feel free to buy one or all three!

Cost: About $10 each from Amazon.com

Gift #5: A Giant World Map

Image from Amazon.com.

Geologists love maps. They will cover their walls with maps, if their significant others and housemates let them. What better to give a geologist than a giant world map? I recommend the above map, which can be bought here from Amazon.com.

Cost: $83.90 (on sale!) at Amazon.com. You can also purchase a smaller world map- for about $10-20.

Gift #6: Prints from National Geographic

Volcanic eruption and lightening in the ash plume in Eyjafjallajokull glacier in Iceland. Image and caption from NationalGeographic.com.

There are hundreds of photographs- including many with geological themes- from the National Geographic magazine that you can order as prints here. You can also print your own National Geographic wall art here, which I believe is free! Of course, geologists always take their own pictures in the field- but some of the National Geographic images, such as the one above of the Eyjafjallajokull eruption, are absolutely stunning.

Cost: About $20-$200 (depending on size and framing).

Gift #7: Hand Lens

Image from GeologyOutfitters.com.

Geologists use hand lenses to magnify rock features (mostly minerals) in the field for identification. A good hand lens is a very useful tool for a geologist! You can order high-quality hand lenses here.

Cost: About $30-$40.

Gift #8: A Gift Certificate to an Outdoor Shop

Image from SierraTradingPost.com.

Geologist love buying hiking gear- field shirts, hiking boots, hats, fleeces, and so on. So, a gift certificate to an outdoor shop such as Sierra Trading Post, EMS (Eastern Mountain Sports), The North Face, REI, L.L.Bean, Patagonia, etc. is sure to be a hit. If you don’t like giving gift cards, just order your geologist a field hat or shirt or even some warm wool socks.

Cost: Whatever you want!

Gift #9: More Geology T-Shirts

Sedimentary, My Dear Watson. Image from CafePress.com.
Never volunteer to help a geologist move. Image from CafePress.com.
Geology: rock always wins. Image from CafePress.com.

Geologists don’t really have a dress code… unless that code is breaking any sort of department dress code. Geologists tend to wear fun t-shirts, jeans, and teva sandals to work. CafePress has many great geology t-shirts. Just go to their website and search “geology t-shirt.” Above are few CafePress t-shirts that I like, but there are many others. Go check it out!

Cost: About $20-$30.

Gift #10: Periodic Table of the Elements Shower Curtain

Image from ThinkGeek.com

This gift is ideal for the geochemist! I know that there are sometimes days when I’m thinking about my geochemistry while brushing my teeth or in the shower, and I wish I had a periodic table on hand. The perfect solution is this periodic table shower curtain. If you want something that every geologist (even a geophysicist!) is sure to love, there is also the world map shower curtain (below). You can order the periodic table shower curtain from ThinkGeek.com here and the world map shower curtain from Amazon.com here.

World map shower curtain. Image from Amazon.com.

Cost: About $15-$30.

What to Buy a Geologist for Christmas

Zayna (my cat) in my Newtonmas tree.

Christmas is just over three weeks away. If you’re like me, you’ve recently put up your tree and a few decorations and are contemplating what to buy your friends and relatives. My family isn’t religious, so we celebrate Newtonmas instead of Christmas. We call the holiday Newtonmas because Issac Newton, the famous mathematician and scientist, was born on Christmas Day. We celebrate Newtonmas on the same day as Christmas.

My family is very festive about Newtonmas. My mom often throws a science-themed Newtonmas Party, and we have all kinds of Newtonmas decorations, including a Newtonmas tree. The best thing about a Newtonmas tree is that you don’t have to use an angel or a star as a tree topper (unless you want to). Rather, you can use anything you want! When we lived in Europe for a couple of years, we bought a little Napoleon doll and this has become our traditional tree-topper. Since I’ve moved out of the house and started putting up my own tree, I’ve used various stuffed animals and toys as tree-toppers. This year I’m using the little blue dragon from the “How to Train Your Dragon” movie. Because dragons are cute and are as real as angels, to me anyway. In honor of Newton, my family exchanges gifts and eats delicious food and even plays Christmas music. Because music is pretty, whatever your religious beliefs (or lack thereof).

Many of you may be wondering what to buy a geologist for Christmas/Newtomas. Below I’ve listed a few suggestions of gifts I think a geologist would like. Feel free to post your own suggestions for gifts in the comments!

And Merry Christmas/Chanukah/Newtonmas!

Gift #1: Geology Cake T-Shirt

Image from Threadless.com

This T-shirt is sold by Threadless.com here. Unfortunately, this t-shirt is currently sold out. Everyone should help request a reprint! A quick note is that geoblogger Callan Bentley pointed out in his NOVA blog that the angular unconformity cake/geology layer is highly improbable. Despite that, this is a fun t-shirt!

Cost: $18 (cheaper if it’s on sale!). 


Gift #2: Global Warming Mug

Image from Amazon.com

My mom actually bought this mug for me for Christmas several years ago. This mug is great- when empty or filled with cold water, the continents look normal. However, when you add hot water the edges of the continents recede as they would during sea level rise. I’m not sure exactly how much sea level rise this mug represents, but it’s so much fun! You can buy the mug (and watch a video of it being filled with hot water) here

Cost: $12.95.

Gift #3: Brunton Compass

Image from Brunton.com

A Brunton compass- used for general navigation and taking strike and dip measurements for geologic maps- is a must-have for any geologist. Alas, these compasses are expensive so not all geologists have their own. I finally bought one a couple of years ago, but before that I would always borrow them from the department or friends. Many geologists already own these, so you might want to check first. However, if you’re rich and your geologist friend doesn’t already own one of these, this will make a fantastic gift certain to provoke squeals of delight and dramatic hugs. Brunton compasses can be purchased here.

Cost: About $500-$800 depending on the model.

Gift #4: Rite in the Rain All-Weather (Except Wintry Mix) Writing Products:

Image from Amazon.com

The Rite-in-the-Rain people may not be very good at spelling, but they make wonderful notebooks, papers, and pens that are great for using in all sorts of field conditions- rain, snow, and sunshine. My favorite Rite-in-the-Rain product is the geology notebook as it comes with a ruler and all sorts of useful reference pages, such as a geologic timescale, in the back. The Rite-in-the-Rain Geological Field Notebook can be bought from Amazon.com here. Be sure to check out other Rite-in-the-Rain products at their webpage.

Cost (for geology field book): $17.95 on Amazon.com.

Gift #5: GPS

Image from Amazon.com

A GPS is another must-have for a geologist. Fifteen or even ten years ago, GPS units were bulky and expensive. These days, most people have them in their cars to give driving directions. Outdoor (often waterproof) GPS field units are now pocket-sized and very convenient to bring along for fieldwork. Many hikers even use these now. I must admit that I somewhat miss the pre-GPS days when you had to hone your map-and-compass skills, but GPS units are very convenient. Most geologists will already own a GPS so you might check on this first. Perhaps your geologist friend wants a GPS upgrade! There are many types of GPS units, but I find the Garmin etrex to be a great, simple unit to use for my purposes– basic navigation and recording sampling positions.

Cost: About $100-200 for a basic unit.

Gift #6: Annals of the Former World

Image from GoodReads.com

This is an absolutely amazing book by John McPhee, one of my favorite writers. McPhee is an incredible non-fiction writer who personalizes his non-fiction and makes it entertaining by incorporating storytelling techniques. McPhee researched and wrote this book about North American geology by traveling with various geologists. McPhee makes both the geologists and their geology come alive in this masterpiece. If my recommendation isn’t enough, this book won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for general non-fiction.

Cost: $14.28 from Amazon.com here.

Gift #7: Nature’s Fire Undersea Volcano Kinetic Light Sculpture

Image from powscience.com

This “volcano sculpture” looks tacky- and it is! Wonderfully tacky! This volcano sculpture erupts little plastic “magma” beads and makes a rhythmic, sort of soothing, clicky woosh as it does so. Multicolored lights (blue, yellow, pink) flash as the volcano erupts. The only problem with this volcano sculpture is that if you don’t keep it completely filled with water, the little beads tend to float up at the top. By the way, the sculpture doubles as a cat-hypnotizer. My cats will watch it for hours!

Here’s a video of my volcano sculpture:

Cost: $27.95 (sale price!) here at The Nature Store.

 Gift #8: Foam Rocks

Image from Amazon.com

Fake foam rocks can be ordered from a variety of toy and gift stores. These are great to throw at geology students who aren’t paying attention in class…

Cost: $5-10.

Gift #9: Bad Geology Disaster Movie

Image from Amazon.com

Pretty much every year, my mom and sister buy me a bad geology movie or two. There are dozens upon dozens of these. If you’d like to own “Magma: Volcanic Disaster” you can buy this movie at Amazon.com here for only $11.99. The great thing about bad geology movies, though, is that they are generally fairly cheap. I often find them in the $5 sale bin at Wal-Mart. There are endless options!

Here are a few more movie suggestions:
-Journey to the Center of the Earth (many versions… I highly recommend the 1950s version starring Pat Boone)
-The Core
-Deep Impact
-Dante’s Peak
-The Day After Tomorrow
-Volcano
-Earthquake
-2012

Cost: $5-20.

Gift #10: A Rock
Seriously. Any rock. You can order a pretty mineral off the internet if you want, but the great thing about geologists is that they find pretty much any rock interesting. So, go out in your yard or dirt driveway or down to the beach or your local hiking trail. Look around until you find a rock with pretty, shiny crystals or interesting layers or an interesting texture. Take the rock and put it in a box. Wrap the box and add a note that says, “I found this and thought of you.” Presto! A free gift that any geologist will love!

Cost: Free!

A Thanksgiving Rock: Granodiorite

Plymouth Rock, image taken from Wikipedia Commons.

Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!

In honor of Turkey Day, I want to share with you an article by John McPhee, one of my all-time favorite writers. McPhee wrote an article about Plymouth Rock that can be read here: Travels of the Rock.

Like the Pilgrims, Plymouth Rock- which marks the Pilgrims’ traditional, almost mythical landing place– was a traveler. This rock is a glacial erratic, a piece of bedrock that was scraped up by a glacier and transported miles and miles from its original location. However, Pilgrim Rock didn’t travel quite as far as the Pilgrims themselves… unless you count earlier Plate Tectonic wanderings. Most likely, Pilgrim Rock is a piece of Dedham granodiorite from Eastern Massachusetts and came from no further than Concord or Lexington, according to the McPhee article. However, whatever its origin, I can think of no worthier rock to commemorate the Pilgrims’ voyage than a glacial erratic.